Has Nontraditional Training Worked for Women? Essay -- Women Workforce

Has Nontraditional Training Worked for Women? The Best of Intentions... During the 1970s, the irregularity in sex circulation across occupations came to be perceived as a financial issue, and government enactment focused on instruction, preparing, and work started to address the issue throughout the following 2 decades. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Executive Order 11246 out of 1978 denied segregation by schools and contractual workers getting government reserves. The Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act and its progressive reauthorizations set up state value organizers and put aside program reserves explicitly for sexual orientation value and single guardians/uprooted homemakers (SP/DH). The Nontraditional Employment for Women Act of 1991 changed the Job Training Partnership Act to require work objectives for ladies in NTOs, and the 1992 Women in Apprenticeship Occupations and Nontraditional Occupations Act (WANTO) gave specialized help to managers and associations for incorporating ladies into NTOs. In 1994, the School-to-Work Op portunities Act was expected to expand open doors for individuals to get ready for vocations not conventional for their race, sex, or inability (Ohio State University 1996; Olson 1999; Wider Opportunities for Women 1993). In the course of the most recent 2 decades, have these joined endeavors had any kind of effect? As indicated by the Department of Labor's latest measurements (Women's Bureau 1998), a bunch of NTOs are presently 20-25% female, however numerous others stay at under 10%, including firemen (2.5%), warming/cooling mechanics (1.5%), and apparatus and bite the dust producers (0.2%). Notwithstanding the 1978 objective that the development work power of 2000 would be one-quarter female, the present the truth is about 2.7%, the equivalent leve... ...Techniques for Increasing Women's Participation in Technical and Skilled Trades Training. [digital publication] Victoria, British Columbia: Pine Tree Publishing, 1995. <http://www.islandnet.com/~haturner/edtech/edtech1.htm> More extensive Opportunities for Women. Preparing, Placing and Retaining Women in Nontraditional Jobs. Washington, DC: WOW, 1993. (ED 362 788) Ladies' Bureau. Ladies Workers: Outlook to 2005. Washington, DC: Women's Bureau, U.S. Division of Labor, 1992. (ED 356 171) <www.all-biz.com/outlook.html> Ladies' Bureau. Nontraditional Occupations for Women in 1998. Washington, DC: Women's Bureau, U.S. Division of Labor, 1998. <http://www.dol.gov/wb/open/wb_pubs/nontra98.htm> Zhao, P., and Fadale, L. New York State New Ventures Program Model. Albany: Two-Year College Development Center, State University of New York, 1996. (ED 404 467)

The Truth About Iraq May Be Elusive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Truth About Iraq May Be Elusive - Essay Example Was the insight on Iraq intentionally adulterated or was there a regulatory goof that slanted the introductions? Was there a general race to war after 9/11 during which period the proof was ignored for mindless compliance? To respond to these significant inquiries, it's important to inspect the abnormalities that encompassed 9/11 and the occasions that hinted at the War in Iraq. We will discover an example of blunder, misdirection, and defense. The most intense and most persuading case for doing battle depended on the conviction that Iraq had weapons of mass demolition (WMD). Joined Nations weapons examiners had been in and out of Iraq on a sporadic reason for the 10 years preceding the fall of 2002 and again only months before the war. They had never discovered obvious proof of a WMD program. In November 2002 the UN group came back to Iraq headed by worldwide master Hans Blix. They were as yet incapable to report with any conviction the nearness of WMD. During this period Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense, was getting worried about the absence of proof for WMD. What's more, he was not the only one. General James Marks, accountable for ground knowledge had comparable hesitations. When Rumsfeld was examined concerning his vulnerability he later conceded that he was uncertain. He stated, I was stressed over it (Woodward 100). When inquired as to whether he knew that a two star general named Spider Marks shared a comparative worry about the absence of WMD proof Rumsfeld answered, No. That is to say, we managed the soldier officer's kin. I may have met him, yet I don't have any acquaintance with him (Woodward 100). It might appear to be distrustful that in the fine tooth look for WMD, the Secretary of Defense had not conversed with, and in actuality didn't have the foggiest idea about, the General accountable for ground knowledge. To misdirect people in general on this basic breakdown in correspondences would fill Rumsfeld nothing mo re than trouble need. We can just theory that the disappointment was because of inadequacy, lack of concern, or 'oblivious conformity'. While Rumsfelds' convictions may have blurred his objectivity, the Niger uranium association can not be so handily excused. During the State of the Union location in January 2003, Mr. Hedge said to the country, The British government has discovered that Saddam Hussein as of late looked for huge amounts of uranium from Africa (State of the Union Address). Be that as it may, the CIA had disparaged this data as ahead of schedule as 2002 (Stein). Both the CIA and the State Department had voiced questions about the genuineness of the reports. However, the data was remembered for the location to people in general. Days before the war, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN Security Council held that the records were suspect and mistaken. The FBI would later examine them as falsifications (Getrz). In the days prior to the war, Congress raised worry over the issue of the Niger uranium association. In a letter to President Bush dated March 17, 2003, Representative Henry Waxman expressed, Over the most recent ten days, in any case, it has become indisputably certain that a key bit of proof you and other Administration authorities have refered to with respect to Iraq's endeavors to get atomic weapons is a scam. Since Waxman could see the wheels of war starting to turn, he shut his letter with a need to keep moving, Given the direness of the circumstance, I would value a speedy reaction to these inquiries.. Fair pioneers would have given a snappy and legitimate answer. The Honorable Henry Waxman would need to hold up an entire a month and a half. On April 29, 2003 he got a letter from a low level State Department representative. It said to some degree, In view of what showed up at that point

Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Auto Show (Part 2)

Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Auto Show (Part 2) Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Auto Show (Part 2) Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Auto Show (Part 2)You didn’t think the Know Money, Win Money road trip was over, did you? Well, it’s not exactly a road trip. More of a train ride over to the convention center where the auto show was taking place. But once we were there, we started revving our engines!And by revving our engines, we mean walking around and asking people questions about the financial side of cars and then giving them money if they answer those questions correctly. Now buckle up, and let’s put the pedal to the metal!Cars vary in price from expensive to ridiculously expensive. But how expensive was the most expensive car ever sold at auction? One million dollars? Two million dollars? Three million dollars? We’ll save you some time and just let you know that it was a measly 38 million dollars. If you just cut that expensive Starbucks latte out of your budget, you’d be able to afford this car in only 7,600,000 daysâ€"or just a little under 20,822 years. And if youâ €™re wondering No, it wasn’t some sort of magic flying car. It was a 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO, which, while really pretty, might not be your most affordable auto option.Our other question on this particular outing concerned miles. No, not the landmark jazz musician Miles Davis. The measurement of distance! Specifically, do you know how many miles the average American drives each year? It’s 13,500. That’s around half the distance it would take to drive around the Earth at the equator. Assuming you had a car that could also be a boat and drive over mountains. Or through mountains. Maybe the 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO can drive through mountains!We just checked, and not only can it not, but we now owe 38 million dollars. Whoops!Anyway, keep your tank full, because we’ll be bringing you another Know Money, Win Money before you know it!In the meantime, check out some of our other recent episodes:Episode 17: Winter Brewfest (Part 2)Episode 16: Chicago Auto ShowEpisode 15: Con Alt Delete (P art 2)Where would you like to see us go in future episodes? We want to hear from you! You can  email us, or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter

Classism Does Not Have A Standard Definition, It Is A Bias

Classism does not have a standard definition, it is a bias. Different segments of society will give you varied answers. We classify those around us in multiple ways. By genealogy, economic status, culture, language, gender, race and influence to name a few. Our country was founded on escaping from a ruling class. It has become apparent that no matter how hard we work to get rid of class structure, we will always have it in our society. One way to look at it is â€Å"Class may be correctly referred to as the status an individual or group achieves by virtue of its economic strength, the influence among other groups, and the power to affect change in its community of choice.† (Brantley, et.al., 2003) In every segment of society there are different classes of people. We are put into categories by those in different class groups. There would not be a bias if we could all learn to accept everyone at face value. Not discriminate because of salary, dress and education. Our constitutio n states we are all created equal, in America, we are well aware that this is not the case. At the top of the pyramid we have the very rich, one percent, who controls the financial sector. This class consists of financiers and industrialists, which live lavish lifestyles. They are far removed from what we call the working poor or working class. President Obama falls into this category of wealth and privilege. Our government is a long way from what we originally started with. History teaches us that theShow MoreRelatedClass Essay : Class And Classism1514 Words   |  7 PagesClass and Classism My gender, having a military parent, our type of society and being a middle-class family is the biggest influences in terms of my own biases. Lareau states the best example of the next influence, which is how a person’s class affects their growth and development in Unequal Childhoods (2003). She talks about how the class of a child gives them more opportunity for growth and advancement. In society today we perceive the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. ThroughoutRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Social Class Analysis1809 Words   |  8 Pagesare the most advanced beings on this Earth. Since we are the dominant creature, we are the best creature. We can do astounding things, like what I’m doing right now. It’s pretty cool to have the brain of a human. Right? Debatably. In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout and Jem experience classism and implicit bias. From this, they learn to empathize. These impeccable brains of ours cause competitiveness. Collectively we dont want to be the best, but singularly we do. We split ourselves up intoRead MoreThe American Dream And The Trouble With Diversity By Walter Benn Michaels2068 Words   |  9 Pages In the last few decades, the American have become proud of the American Dream, which they believe in coming true, as one working hard now will have a glossy life in the future. However, there is a wonder whether the American is living in the American Dream while the inequality still exists in American society. To get the answer, there are two helpful articles: â€Å"What Ever Happened to Upward Mobility?† by Rana Foroohar and â€Å"The Trouble with Diversity† by Walter Benn Michaels. These articles talk aboutRead MoreChristian Worldview and Multiculturalism3014 Words   |  13 Pagesfood, religious beliefs, and other cultural manifestations. An influential group calling itself NAME, or the National Association for Mul ticultural Education, includes in its philosophy statement the following: Xenophobia, discrimination, racism, classism, sexism, and homophobia are societal phenomena that are inconsistent with the principles of a democracy and lead to the counterproductive reasoning that differences are deficiencies.(name). NAME is a powerful organization composed of educators fromRead MoreSubstance Abuse in Pregnant Women Essay1860 Words   |  8 Pagesthe breadth of forces that lead to drug use in pregnant women have a prevalent cultural and social foundation that the proponents for deterrence and retribution ignore in favor of strict scrutiny. This conflict between women’s rights and fetal rights has caused a paradigm in the prosecution of pregnant drug users as the interpretation of criminal sanctions argues over the definition of ‘child’ as encompassing fetuses in the definition would then lay the foundation for punishment for a woman’s conductRead MoreFeminism And T he First Wave Feminism2028 Words   |  9 PagesWhile some acts may have been passed, the feminist movement did not truly start until 1848 with the Seneca Falls Convention. In the early 1800s there were some reforms but not as much as the aftermath of the Seneca Falls Convention. Only one university, which was Oberlin College, had changed its rules to allow a co-educational student population. Iowa made it legal for the mother of a child to take full sole custody if she were to divorce. Kentucky was the first state to have a smaller renditionRead MoreBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction Black Feminism has proven to have a profound effect on society’s history, and is now beginning to impact even more this day and age. Black feminism is broader than what comes to mind. It is an essential component of black struggle against oppression and authority. Generally Black feminism is used to empower and liberate black women. Throughout the years many liberals have tried to exclude and silence black feminist. Black feminist have demanded for social, economic and political equalityRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 Pages Researcher: Carole Le Darcy Supervisor: Dr Sue Becker Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest thanks and gratitude to all of the exceptionally strong women that participated in this research that have freely given not only some of their precious and valuable time but have also revealed that which is sadly all too often concealed; the remarkable, courageous and often very moving accounts of their experiences, journey and exit from abusive and violent relationships. Thanks also to Pat

Fedex E-Commerce - 3560 Words

SenseAware information service unveiled by FedEx TELECOMWORLDWIRE-17 November 2009-SenseAware information service unveiled by FedEx(C)1994-2009 M2 COMMUNICATIONS http://www.m2.com Transportation, e-commerce and business services provider FedEx Corp (NYSE:FDX) announced on Tuesday the introduction of SenseAware powered by FedEx, a next generation information service that combines a GPS sensor device and a web-based collaboration platform. According to the company, the solution, developed by the FedEx innovation team, is an open, adaptive sensor information sharing platform. It will serve customers who need near real-time visibility and insight into their shipment and enable business decision makers to easily collaborate on many types of†¦show more content†¦In February 2004 Kinko s was bought by FedEx for $2.4 billion and then became known as FedEx Kinko s Office and Print Centers. Currently, Brian Phillips is the President and Chief Executive Officer, following Ken May s departure on March 7, 2008.[3][4] Locations of FedEx Office centers include Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Mexico, Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States of America. FedEx Office s primary competitors include The UPS Store, OfficeMax, AlphaGraphics, Staples, Sir Speedy, and VistaPrint. On June 2, 2008, FedEx announced that they were rebranding FedEx Kinko s to be FedEx Office, with the intent that it would more accurately represent the broader role the company envisioned for the company. With this change, FedEx Office has become the retail branch of the FedEx Corporation. As of late 2009, some stores and branding still show FedEx Kinko s. FedEx Office offers the same services that FedEx Kinko s Office and Print Center locations did previously. Services FedEx Office offers a wide variety of production and finishing services, as well as FedEx shipping; however they are best known for making photocopies. Most centers have three distinct sections: self-service, shipping, and production. FedEx Office also offers signs and banners. The pricesShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Fedex And Ups993 Words   |  4 Pageschain management, logistics, and financial services. The industry offers two basic products that are air and ground deliveries. Three major competitors, FedEx, UPS and USPS, rule both of the product lines. In this comparison we will only be comparing FedEx and UPS because the companies have a strong brand names and are highly competitive. 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Both of the product lines are highly developed and ruled by three major competitors, FedEx, UPS and USPS. In this comparison we will only be comparing FedEx and UPS because the companies have a strong brand names and are highly competitive. FedEx on the other hand is a $17 billion global transportation and logistics company, with an operating philosophy to â€Å"operate independently and compete collectively. Pg 3 UPSRead MoreE Commerce Business At The Golfing Industry, While Being Cost Effective For The Client741 Words   |  3 PagesAs an intern the following assignment was proposed as a means of establishing an E-Commerce business in the golfing industry, while being cost effective for the client. 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This boosts online shopping and services increasing companies to aim to sendRead MoreEssay on Fedex Company Profile746 Words   |  3 PagesFedEx is a leading global provider of transportation, e-commerce and supply chain management services. FedEx companies offer following services: worldwide express delivery, ground small-package delivery, less-then-truckload freight delivery, global logistics and customs brokerage. Other services include trade facilitation and electronic commerce solutions. 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Richards Story Free Essays

Apart from disfigurement, other psychosocial issues Richard might face include but are not limited to sleep disorder, fear and anxiety around open flames, depression, loose of self-esteem and PTSD. Additional precaution needs to be taken to make sure Richard maintains some functions in his burnt fingers. Some of these precautions should be occupational therapy and physical therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Richards Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due Richard was burnt in the face, other systems may be compromised. The systems that could be affected are the respiratory system (because his nose could be burnt), the digestive system (because if his mouth is affected, then his ability to eat, chew or drink might be impeded. ) and ofcourse his nervous system as the nerves in his face will be dead. Based on the fact that Richard is losing a lot of body fluid his nutritional needs are high protein food, water, high calorie drinks, fruits and vegetable, and fatty food because fat is a readily available source of energy. Partial thickness burn is extremely painful because most of the nerve endings which detect and interpret pain and sensation are located in the dermis where partial thickness burn occurs. Partial thickness burn would heal faster because it is not as deep into the skin and therefore skin rejuvenation is more possible. Functions compromised by the burn on Richard’s skin are the ability to secret sweat, the ability to convert sun to vitamin D, ability to protect against infection, ability to regulate temperature and the ability to protect against infection. Other skin functions that should be a concern to the medical staff is that Richard’s skin will lose the ability to store blood and there will be no tissue growth. His skin will also lose the ability to maintain water and salt balance. It is unlikely for Richard to grow hair to cover the scars on his chest because his hair follicles in the burnt area are damaged and there can be no more hair growth because of this. Also the scar tissue is covering the pores from which hair sprouts. During the first phase of wound healing, inflammation takes place first. Blisters orm on the outer edges of the burns as the wounds begin to form scabs. Formation of granulation tissue will not lead to normal appearing/ formation of skin as Richard heals. This is because granulation tissue is scar tissue and scar tissue does not appear normal or allow hair growth or normal skin function. Some long term consequences include the inability to regulate temperature and feel pain because of the dead nerve endings at the site of the burn. Numbness may occur, his body will not be able to secret sweat and he might gain weight because of this. How to cite Richards Story, Papers

The Most Famous Classical Musicians free essay sample

Being famous is subjective to what the people want and what they people understand and/or know. I gathered eleven surveys and averaged out their numbers to get the most famous composers. They are in order from 1st to 5th. As the first-most famous composer, Johann Sebastian Bach was consistently first place in online surveys. Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer who lived from 1685-1750, part of the Baroque Period. Bach wrote hundreds of pieces for organ, choir, as well as many other instruments. He spent most of his life as a church organist and a choir director.Even Bach, one of the famous 3 ads was inspired by other musicians. HIS music combines profound expression with clever musical- mathematical feats, like fugues and cannons in which the same melody is played against it self in various ways. Famous for their intellectual depth, Bach+s pieces and compositions have inspired many musicians such as Mozart. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Famous Classical Musicians or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mozart, one of the most famous musicians ever, was greatly inspired by Bach. He even once said Now, here is something one can learn from! . Bach is often compared to the original classical artist is terms of adequacy.Beethoven was also inspired by Bach, referring to him as the Ravager deer Harmonies (original father of harmony) and niche Bach, senders Mere (not a stream but a sea, punning on the literal meaning of the composers name). Bach also Inspired Chopin. A not so famous. But prominent figure. Composers such as Mozart, Beethoven, Robert Schumann, and Felix Mendelssohn began writing in a more contrapuntal style after being exposed to Bachs music. At the end of his lifetime, his music was considered old-fashioned compared to the emerging new classical style.His reputation weakened as a composer, but people today still hear his melodies as inspirational works of art and as theme songs. Three pieces of Bachs work were Included onboard the Voyager spacecrafts In the form of golden records that were meant to represent our hope and our determination and our goodwill. He revolutionized music in the respect that he changed the lives and songs of many who have heard his music. Many pieces of music we hear today are mixed with Bachs concertos. Ludwig van Beethoven was a close second on the list. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the German town of Bonn on the 16th of December 1770.He lived from 1770 to 1827. He, at an early age, discovered he had a hearing disorder that got worse as he grew older. It eventually got to the point where Beethoven could not hear, becoming deaf. This hearing disorder seems to have affected his social life to a great extent. He became difficult to handle in social Interactions and could suddenly burst Into outbreaks of anger and show bad temper where he usually insulted someone, usually apologizing later. After he became deaf, his work became less creative and instead of dramatic, more introvert, showing the signs of an aged, mature genius.During his life, he was an Innovator, widening the casual knowledge of sonata, symphony, concerto, and quartet, and combining vocals and Instruments in a new way. He is widely known as one of the greatest composers wonderful music that all enjoy to hear. His art reaches out to embrace the spirit of human heart and loyalty to a persons nation. He expressed this in the works of Goethe and Frederica von Schaller, his elder contemporaries in the world of literature, the convincing moral imperatives of Kant, and the ideals of the French Revolution, with passionate concern for the freedom and dignity of the people he wrote to.He revealed more expressively than any of the mu sicians before him that emotions and stories could be played strongly through music rather than words of an opera or a song. Certain compositions show the strongest form of the human will in music, perhaps even in art. He painted the pathway for many Romantic period composers, who used his music to characterize most of their music. Franz Peter Schubert was surprisingly before Brahms. I had expected for the famous three Bis, Bach, Beethoven and Brahms, to be the first three composers on this list. Schubert came in third place.Franz Peter Schubert was a Austrian composer who lived from 1797 1828, dying at the age of thirty-one. Schubert wrote opera and incidental music for the theater. The love for his music during his lifetime was limited, but his reputation steadily inclined after death. Today, Schubert is seen as one of the leading composers of the Romantic period in music. He remains one of the most frequently performed composers. Schubert remarkably wrote 1,000 pieces in his lifetime. Over 600 of these are romantic songs as well as many operas, symphonies, sonatas and many other works.Schubert music is different from any other music. It was written during the change from the period of Viennese Classical style and the Romantic period. It is very expressive, but it lacks the creativity of early musicians such as Bach and Beethoven. Today, with his lyrical and melodically style, he is counted as one of the most gifted composers of the 19th century. Enhances Brahms made fourth place, very close to Schubert. Enhances Brahms was a German composer born in Hamburg. Brahms was considered to be the successor to Beethoven by many.He admired two famous imposers, Beethoven and Schubert, modeling some of his music after their pieces and works. His very first symphony was nicknamed as Beethovens tenth symphony, as first described by Hans von Bowwow. (This nickname is still used in today modern music). Like Beethoven, Brahms had a gruff and pompous attitude, but the people who admired him for his genius, let it pass. He is often considered as both a traditionalist and an innovator, his music is rooted in Baroque and Classical masters. He blended these two styles of music together, blowing away most competition.He as a master of counterpoint, a method of composition in which Bach is famous, and also of development, in which many good composers are famous for such as Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Brahms created bold new approaches to harmony, melody and, especially, rhythm. While many people found his music too inexpressive and old-fashioned, he greatly contributed to the style of music. The highly constructed nature of Abrahams works was a starting point and an inspiration for many composers for many generations.George Frederic Handel was a German composer in the Baroque period, born in 1685, he same year as Bach. He is regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time, and not Just for his Water Music, and Music for the Royal Fireworks. Interest in Handle;s work had grown over time, becoming one of the most famous classical composers in todays time since the sasss. Handel composed forty operas in about thirty years. Some of these operas are considered great works, famous for their arias. His operas are famous for their emotional stories, mostly love, by a composer who had never had such experiences. Handel lived in the time of Bach and avoided doing he same type of music as him, trusting in his own musical ability to rise to the top. Ere music of both composers, however, sums up the age in which they lived. After them, opera changed from the Baroque style, leaving Bach and Handel as the two leading composers of Opera. Thus, their influence cannot be found in specific examples. Rather, his dramatic and beautiful works leaves Handel+s mark on the Nor. His ability to build large scenes around a single character was further extended in the dramatic scenes of a composer such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.Handels greatest gift to posterity was the creation of the dramatic oratorio genre, partly out of existing operatic traditions and partly by his own musical imagination. Ere works of both the composer Joseph Haydn and the composer Felix Mendelssohn owe a large debt to the works of Handel. Ere compositions and genius of all of these composers shaped and modeled the music we have today. They have inspired some of the most famous and amazing artists of all time. Even today we hear their music, in TV commercials, and in video games. They are still inspiring people today. For these composers, have all revolutionized music.

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative Bacteria

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative Bacteria Most bacteria are classified into two broad categories: Gram positive and Gram negative. These categories are based on their cell wall composition and reaction to the Gram stain test. The Gram staining method, developed by Hans Christian Gram, identifies bacteria based upon the reaction of their cell walls to certain dyes and chemicals. The differences between Gram positive vs Gram negative bacteria are primarily related to their cell wall composition. Gram positive bacteria have cell walls composed mostly of a substance unique to bacteria known as peptidoglycan, or murein. These bacteria stain purple after Gram staining. Gram negative bacteria have cell walls with only a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane with a lipopolysaccharide component not found in Gram positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria stain red or pink after Gram staining. Gram Positive Bacteria The cell walls of Gram positive bacteria differ structurally from the cell walls of Gram negative bacteria. The primary component of bacterial cell walls is peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan is a macromolecule composed of sugars and amino acids that are assembled structurally like woven material. The amino sugar component consists of alternating molecules of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). These molecules are crosslinked together by short peptides which help give peptidoglycan strength and structure. Peptidoglycan provides protection for bacteria and defines their shape. This image shows the cell wall composition of Gram positive bacteria. CNX OpenStax/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0 The Gram positive cell wall has several layers of peptidoglycan. The thick layers of peptidoglycan help to support the cell membrane and provide a place of attachment for other molecules. The thick layers also enable Gram positive bacteria to retain most of the crystal violet dye during Gram staining causing them to appear purple. Gram positive cell walls also contain chains of teichoic acid that extend from the plasma membrane through the peptidoglycan cell wall. These sugar-containing polymers assist in maintaining cell shape and play a role in proper cell division. Teichoic acid helps some Gram positive bacteria to infect cells and cause disease. Some Gram positive bacteria have an additional component, mycolic acid, in their cell walls. Mycolic acids produce a waxy outer layer that provides additional protection for mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gram positive bacteria with mycolic acid are also called acid-fast bacteria because they require a special staining method, known as acid-fast staining, for microscope observation. Pathogenic Gram positive bacteria cause disease by the secretion of toxic proteins known as exotoxins. Exotoxins are synthesized within the prokaryotic cell and released into the exterior of the cell. They are specific to certain bacterial stains and can cause serious damage to body organs and tissues. Some Gram negative bacteria also produce exotoxins. Gram Positive Cocci Gram positive cocci refer to Gram positive bacteria that are spherically shaped. Two genera of Gram positive cocci noted for their role as human pathogens are Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Staphylococcus are spherical in shape and their cells appear in clusters after they divide. Streptococcus cells appear as long chains of cells after division. Examples of Gram positive cocci that colonize the skin include Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus (round) bacteria that is found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and many animals. The bacteria are usually harmless, but infections can occur on broken skin or within a blocked sweat or sebaceous gland, resulting in boils, pustules and abscesses. Paul Gunning/Science Photo Library/Getty Images While all three are part of the normal human microbiota, they can cause disease under certain conditions. Staphylococcus epidermidis form thick biofilms and can cause infections associated with implanted medical devices. Some Staphylococcus aureus strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), have become resistant to antibiotics and can lead to the development of serious illness. Streptococcus pyogenes can cause strep throat, scarlet fever, blood poisoning, and flesh-eating disease. Gram Negative Bacteria Like Gram positive bacteria, the Gram negative bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. However, the peptidoglycan is a single thin layer compared to the thick layers in Gram positive cells. This thin layer does not retain the initial crystal violet dye but picks up the pink color of the counterstain during Gram staining. The cell wall structure of Gram negative bacteria is more complex than that of Gram positive bacteria. Located between the plasma membrane and the thin peptidoglycan layer is a gel-like matrix called periplasmic space. Unlike in Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane layer that is external to the peptidoglycan cell wall. Membrane proteins, murein lipoproteins, attach the outer membrane to the cell wall. This image shows the cell wall composition of Gram negative bacteria. CNX OpenStax/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY-SA 4.0 Another unique characteristic of Gram negative bacteria is the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules on the outer membrane. LPS is a large glycolipid complex that protects bacteria from harmful substances in their environment. It is also a bacterial toxin (endotoxin) that can cause inflammation and septic shock in humans if it enters the blood. There are three components of the LPS: Lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and an O antigen. The lipid A component attaches the LPS to the outer membrane. Attached to the lipid A is the core polyssaccharide. It is located between the lipid A component and the O antigen. The O antigen component is attached to the core polyssaccharide and differs between bacterial species. It can be used to identify specific strains of harmful bacteria. Gram Negative Cocci Gram negative cocci refer to Gram negative bacteria that are spherically shaped. Bacteria of the genus Neisseria are examples of Gram negative cocci that cause disease in humans. Neisseria meningitidis is diplococcus, meaning that its spherical cells remain in pairs after cell division. Neisseria meningitidis causes bacterial meningitis and can also cause septicemia and shock. Neisseria meningitidis are spherical, Gram negative bacteria which cause meningitis in humans. The bacteria are typically seen in pairs, each one concave on the side facing its partner. Health Protection Agency/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Another diplococcus bacterium, N. gonorrhoeae, is the pathogen responsible for the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram negative diplococcus that causes ear infections in children, upper respiratory system infections, endocarditis, and meningitis. Gram negative coccobacillus bacteria have bacterial shapes that are in between spherical and rod shaped. Bacteria of the genus Haemophilus and Acinetobacter are coccobacilli that cause serious infections. Haemophilus influenzae can cause meningitis, sinus infections, and pneumonia. Acinetobacter species cause pneumonia and wound infections. Key Points: Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative Bacteria Most bacteria can be broadly classified as Gram positive or Gram negative.Gram positive bacteria have cell walls composed of thick layers of peptidoglycan.Gram positive cells stain purple when subjected to a Gram stain procedure.Gram negative bacteria have cell walls with a thin layer of peptidoglycan. The cell wall also includes an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules attached.Gram negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to a Gram stain procedure.While both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria produce exotoxins, only Gram negative bacteria produce endotoxins. Sources Silhavy, T. J., et al. The Bacterial Cell Envelope. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, vol. 2, no. 5, 2010, doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000414.Swoboda, Jonathan G., et al. Wall Teichoic Acid Function, Biosynthesis, and Inhibition. ChemBioChem, vol. 11, no. 1, June 2009, pp. 35–45., doi:10.1002/cbic.200900557.

The Greek Colony of Miletus

The Greek Colony of Miletus Miletus was one of the great Ionian cities in southwestern Asia Minor. Homer refers to the people of Miletus as Carians. They fought against the Achaeans (Greeks) in the Trojan War. Later traditions have Ionian settlers taking the land from the Carians. Miletus itself sent off settlers to the Black Sea area, as well as the Hellespont. In 499 Miletus led the Ionian revolt that was a contributing factor in the Persian Wars. Miletus was destroyed 5 years later. Then in 479, Miletus joined the Delian League, and in 412 Miletus revolted from Athenian control offering a naval base to the Spartans. Alexander the Great conquered Miletus in 334 B.C.; then in 129, Miletus became part of the Roman province of Asia. In the 3rd Century A.D., Goths attacked Miletus, but the city continued, waging an ongoing fight against the silting of its harbor. Early Inhabitants of Miletus The Minoans abandoned their colony in Miletus by 1400 BC. Mycenaean Miletus was a dependency or ally of Ahhiwaya though its population was mostly Carian. Shortly after 1300 BC, the settlement was destroyed by fire- probably at the instigation of the Hittites who knew the city as Millawanda. The Hittites fortified the city against possible naval attacks by the Greeks. Age of the Settlement at Miletus Miletus was regarded as the oldest of the Ionian settlements, though this claim was disputed by Ephesus. Unlike its near neighbors, Ephesus and Smyrna, Miletus was protected from landward assaults by a mountain range and developed early as a sea power. During the 6th century, Miletus contested (unsuccessfully) with Samos for possession of Priene. In addition to producing philosophers and historians, the city was famous for its purple dye, its furniture, and the quality of its wool. The Milesians made their own terms with Cyrus during his conquest of Ionia, though they joined in the rebellion of 499. The city did not fall to the Persians until 494 at which time the Ionian Revolt was considered to be well and truly over. Rule of Miletus Though Miletus was originally ruled by a king the monarchy was overthrown early on. Around 630 BCE a tyranny evolved from its elected (but oligarchic) chief magistracy the prytaneia. The most famous Milesian tyrant was Thrasybulus who bluffed Alyattes out of attacking his city. After the fall of Thrasybulus there came a period of bloody stasis and it was during this period that Anaximander formulated his theory of opposites. When the Persians finally sacked Miletus in 494 they enslaved most of the population and deported them to the Persian Gulf, but there were enough survivors to play a decisive part in the battle of Mycale in 479 (Cimons liberation of Ionia). The city itself, however, was completely razed. The Port of Miletus Miletus, though one of the most famous ports of antiquity is now marooned in an alluvial delta. By the middle of the 5th century, it had recovered from Xerxes attack and was a contributing member of the Delian League. The 5th-century city was designed by the architect Hippodamas, a native of Miletus, and some of the extant remains date from that period. The present form of the theater dates to 100 A.D., but it had existed in an earlier form. It seats 15,000 and faces what used to be the harbor. Source Sally Goetsch of Didaskalia provided notes for this article. Percy Neville Ure, John Manuel Cook, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and Charlotte Rouechà © Miletus The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Simon Hornblower and Anthony Spawforth. Oxford University Press (2005).

Aviation Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aviation Safety Management - Essay Example That effected a progressive deprivation of confidence to safety policy of the company. Numerous hazard reports has tine and again just dallied off and that fact put managers off countenance and caused the failure of safety program. As a result the company has met two serious problems: in one case the foreign object has got in turbine engine and in the other one there has been possible in-flight collision due to altitude deviations and here related litigation. Under such circumstances the question of vital importance is working out company's new safety policy, setting a close coordination with line managers, arising safety standards and ensuring their implementation. a. The new safety policy should ensure protecting the safety both employees and passengers, to guarantee the fulfilling of all legal obligations and standards regarding safety. Moreover the main issue of the strategy should become a constant improvement of company's safety standards. 2. Propose to organize a temporary Committee including the President, the Director of Safety, the Chief of Flight Safety, the Chief of Ground Safety and Chiefs of Finance and Public Relations Department. a. In order to arise the company's safety standards and hence to make the business much more profitable it is necessary to work out a new strategy in company's policy.

Sexual Ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sexual Ethics - Term Paper Example Nevertheless, the way a person expresses gender and sexuality may not be consistent with social prospects of a given gender. Gender communications may not always match or reflect socially arranged gender identity. According to Beasley (2005), ethical beliefs and conduct about sexuality are influenced and accustomed by various things. However, moral and ethical believes and conduct are molded and accustomed by the upbringing of an individual, social influence, exposure to religion, interaction with one another, and perceptions of the society in which people grow. The human race as a social creation will often tend to gather together in similar groupings that share the same ethical beliefs and conducts. This can be seen in individual families that may have distinct ethical believes that every family member is expected to exercise. However, regardless of the social influences we face, each person has an ultimate free will to decide on what is moral and ethical. There has been conflicting views on how to determine what is ethical, just, and moral. According to Sloop (2004), ethics is the logical attempt to comprehend the underlying basis of responsibility, and to express fitting codes of behavior or attitudes to the general life. Sexual ethics, commonly referred to as sexual morality, relates to a personal or community standard in regard to interpersonal relationships, which involves sex. There are those who hold the view that nothing is essentially wrong or right. On the contrary, others believe that sexual ethics should be evaluated in the context of each other’s culture practices and convictions. From another perspective, there are those who are of the idea that moral assessment is objectively true or false, meaning that everyone should act in harmony with the prevailing ethical customs (Beasley, 2005). In the Christian circles, sexual ethics has been a highly controversial issue. The Christian

The Bond Girls Essay -- essays research papers

The Bond Girls Whenever there is a Bond film, there is always a Bond girl. She is as indispensable as the gadgets, the car, the chase and the villain set on overtaking the earth. They have always been in the centre of controversy; they have always been branded as beautiful women (often with sexually overt names) who need Bond and ironically, Bond cannot complete his mission without them. They always seem to have perfection in everything they do. However, this portrayal of women can be somewhat unrealistic. Some may want the representation of the ‘Bond Girl’ to stay as it is but others may want the portrayal of the ‘Bond Girl’ to depict the modern idea of ‘girl power.’ I for one think that this representation of women is harmless, partly because it is only a fictional character. It is a representation to be regarded only in entertainment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this essay, I am going to look at and analyse the Bond saga looking especially at how the ‘Bond Girls’ in particular are shown and how their characteristics and qualities have changed over the decades. The James Bond series was created to boost up Britain’s prospects of being noticed as a powerful country with their own hero armed with fast cars, girls, gadgets and gimmicks. Over the years the audience grew to love this hero who they called ‘Bond, James Bond’ with his callous persona, dead-pan humour armed with good looks and a sexy voice to go with his trademark saying. In reality, Britain was falling rapidly from the world stage. The first ‘Bond’ film, released in 1962 was ‘Dr. No’. It was created with a meagre  £90.000 budget and featured Sean Connery (then a virtually unknown actor) who was to play Bond’s character for the remainder of the decade with the exception of 1969’s release of ‘In His Majesty’s Secret Service’ featuring George Lazenby. Throughout the years of Bond, every film has been popular despite the changes in actors, directors and producers. The films gave the audience a visit back to the propaganda-filled forties. It also gave the audience a sense of diversion through all the action and the sense of satisfaction at being able to predict the finish. Every Bond film has followed the ‘Bond formula,’ which helps the audience become aware of the chain of events that occurs in the Bond movies. His character, although quite old, is still popular with younger generation. I t... ...suggests that she has been through some sort of rough activity. The font used in the postcard is big, gold, in use of capitals, which alludes to luxury and wealth, and the symbol of the gold gun suggests wealth and action. The gold colour connotes glamour and sexiness. The writing and name of the title; ‘the world is not enough’ suggests that the characters are not happy with what they have and therefore they want more. The world cannot give them what they yearn for. Whatever’s changed about the Bond Girls, they still have to be racy, active, sexy and uncomplicated. I think perhaps that this is what has made them more accessible and acceptable to women. I think these changes have occurred because women’s’ role in the society have changed over the years. Until recently, women were the weaker sexes compared to the dominating males. Women were passive and were just happy being portrayed as such. However, over the years, more and more women fought for their rights and nowadays want equality with men. More women have taken up occupations, which before were considered to be men’s jobs. The depictions of women in films have changed in time with society to ensure the films popularity.

Integrating school safety data for the purpose of safe school program evaluation Essay

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of school safety and what should be done to enhance it. The need for all stakeholders; the government, the school administrations and community to facilitate safe school planning and thus essentially enhance school safety are equally taken into consideration. The paper further provides some of the indicators that are considered while implementing an effective safe school plan and how to assess and evaluate the proven programs. This in essence, provides a general picture of promoting school safety so that incidents of crime can be lessened. In addition, the need to create an enhanced safe environment needs to be sensitized in every school since it has a direct impact to the performance of schools. Introduction This paper considers data that will provide the way best practices and proven programs can be used to enhance school safety. Such a program that has been considered is Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block grants (JAIBG). This kind of a program considers the underlying premise that young people who violet the laws need to be held accountable for the offenses if society is to improve the quality of life in the nations’ communities. It is to this effect that the paper goes beyond and evaluates the accountability of the juveniles in relation to the environment they live in and other surrounding factors. Consequences or sanctions that are applied swiftly, surely, and consistently and are graduated to provide appropriate and effective responses to a varying levels offense seriousness and offender chronics work based, in preventing, controlling and reducing further law violations. There is, therefore the need to use best practices and such like proven programs to enhance school safety. Further more, the safe school planning procedures have to involve all the stakeholders including parent, teachers, government and the community and of course the students. Safe Schools and School Planning In most cases statistics and the government reports determine safe schools but this ought not to be an end by itself. Various questions are raised in defining a safe school due to the difficulty that comes along with the definition. A safe school is considered one in which guards patrol the halls, metal detectors protect all entrances and all violent incidents are reported to the police. Creating a safe school goes beyond eliminating knifing, fighting and shootings. Violence is also subtle things such as name calling; fear of being ridiculed; teasing; offensive touching; racial, ethical, cultural, or sexual slurs; and bullying (Hernandez, 2004). This shows that most violence in school does not occur overnight but it develops over a period of time. According to (Stevick and Levinson, 2003), â€Å"violence is the most extreme manifestation of range of behaviors that run contrary to schools’ expectations and purposes† A safe school is the one in which the total climate allows students, teachers, administrators, staff, and visitors to interact in a positive, non-threatening manner that reflects the educational mission of the school while fostering positive relationships and personal growth. In addition a safe school is one, which repeated absenteeism, inadequate performance, or dropouts, withdrawals or transfers due to feeling afraid in school are progressively reduced. Incidences of disruption, crime and violence are progressively reduced too. Safe school planning is a clear and concise plan for creating a safe school climate. This requires collaborative efforts of parents, students, school personnel, and communities. The plan should contain a written conduct and discipline code, and policy for annual building inspections to eliminate barriers to safety and a policy for annual written report regarding learning environment to be submitted to the relevant authorities. These are proactive measures that should be taken to reduce if not eliminating school-based crimes. A comprehensive planning process based on state law, gives a guideline to a school and the community at large in developing a plan that is relevant and effective. Best practice and Proven Programs Best practice is a management ideal, which asserts that there is a technique, method, process, activity incentive, or reward that is more effective at delivering a particular outcome than any other technique, method, process, etc. These are essentially the most efficient and effective ways of accomplishing a task. They are based on repeated procedures that have proven themselves over time for large numbers of people. On the other hand proven programs are those have shown success in their repeated use. Though this is the case, proven programs have to adjust depending on the rising challenges in our society. The proven programs are bound to come up with positive results that are manifested by safety school environment. Purpose of the proven programs is to promote school safety by increasing student accountably for their behavior. This facilitates the development of constructive well-conserved† accountability based programs that work with either juvenile offenders who are referred by law enforcement agents, or which are designed in corporation with law enforcement officials to protect student and school personnel from drug, gang and youth violence. It must be noted, however the accountability based programs operate most effectively when they are part of a comprehensive collaborative approach involving a wide range of partners including students, parents, school faculty, and staff, community residence, members of communities organization, law enforcement justice authorities. Partnership with local juvenile justice systems and schools to establish and maintain accountability based programs, and students’ accountability must work in concert with institutional accountability that addresses the underlying causes of students’ violence and misconduct. School safety programs that emphasis student accountability can be build on the experience of successful community-based delinquency prevention and intervention programs. Comprehensive strategy for serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders and safe futures program are examples that have proven effective in addressing juvenile delinquency (Wilson, 1993). The comprehensive strategy provides a blue print for establishing a continuum of care to meet the needs of at-risk or delinquent youth while protecting the public from harm. It promotes a systematic approach to prevention and the use of graduate sanctions in dealing with the offenses committed by such individuals and advocates the developments of partnerships between the juvenile court, law enforcement and community. Some of the programmatic strategies derived from the comprehensive strategy and the safe futures programs are applicable to accountability-based school safety initiatives include emphasis on juvenile accountability, develop an expanded and integrated network of social services. In provision of comprehensive strategies there is involvement of law enforcement as a stake holder in community-based efforts to prevent and respond to delinquency. Accountability in a school environment means expecting students to comply with school rules and regulations that reflect community standards or behavior and where necessary, addressing students misconduct with appropriate conduct including school discipline. Programs can take a comprehensive approach to reducing delinquency and misconduct in schools by building student accountability into the school culture. Efforts to enhance school safety should be fully integrated into all aspect of school operation including the learning environment curriculum, administration, staff selection and staff training. Enhancing School Safety through Assessment and Evaluation In enhancing school safety there is the need to understand all the indicators that distinguish a safe school from unsafe schools. One of the indictors that characterize a safe school is the orderliness of the school. This involves a creation of a climate of mutual respect and responsibility. This can be evaluated by the way students relate to others, teachers and staff. Expectations about this amicable relationship are what are accepted and consequences for unacceptable behavior are known and applied where appropriate. Another parameter to measure, evaluate and enhance school safety is to ensure that the school has existing plans, and implement the plans progressively. In addition there should be policies and procedures that address the safety of the school. When these issues are put in place the schools safety is enhance and evaluated. Measures that check the number of trespassers, incident of vandalism, reasons for absenteeism and number of firearms and other weapons have to be taken into account to enhance safety in schools. The environment in which an individual lives in has one to one relationship with the criminal or non-criminal behaviors. In considering the environment there is the need to use Crime Prevention Environment Design to ensure that safety at school is enhanced. This design takes into consideration the relationship between physical environment and the users of that environment. It is equally important to acknowledge that the users of the environment both criminals and honest alike are conscious their environment. They therefore can know and recognize a safe and unsafe environment. In doing so, the environment can be made safe by ensuring that buildings are built in an well-organized way. The doors and windows should not be obstructed. The streets and routes in the school should be well labeled and directions shown. Apart from this these routes and buildings should be under twenty-four hours surveillance to monitor intruders and strangers. Equally important is the lighting system, which should be checked to ensure that criminals do not take advantage of the dark alleys. If all this is taken into account then there is high possibility of enhancing school safety. In this sense there is also need to consider the orderliness of the school by taking measures to ensure this. Taking measures in considering the referrals the school gets and the reasons enhances orderliness of a school. Also the orderliness of a school is reflected by the number of suspensions both in-school and out of school and the performance index of the school. It is inevitable to consider the orderliness of a school because it has one to one relationship with the safety of the school. The more orderly the school is the more safety it tend to be and the vice versa is correct. A caring school also does a lot of good in enhancing its own safety. Schools, which care, are characterized by taking caution of the rate of and reasons for absenteeism in the school. A caring school should consider their staffs turn over-we have had of cases where the students have been incited by their teachers to do crimes for example going on strikes. This can be so when the teachers are against some of the management policies. It is therefore important for schools to care for the se issues and also the rate of students’ transfer. It is when the management put their efforts to enhance the discussed issues that the school safety is realized in the long run. To evaluate a school’s safety assessment, safety concerns of members of the school community should be done through surveys, for example. The information gathered from the survey ought to be used in the creation of the safe school plan so that safety concerns can be addressed. Continuous measurement of safety concerns need to take place so that actions can be adjusted to address concerns. On the hand to evaluate orderliness of a school, assessments of reasons of disorder need to occur. From these assessments, a code of conduct reflecting behavioral expectations can be established as part of the safe school plan. Review of the reasons for disorder should help establish the code of conduct. Adjustments to the code should be made based upon continuous review of the school orderliness. This in essence, the use of the available data will enable the concerned parties to enhance school safety. School Safety Data in the Evaluation of Programs Data is vital in evaluation of the programs that reduce insecurity in school. Data from Indicators of School Crime and Safety 2005 shows that, 17 percent of students in grade 9-12 reported they carried a weapon anywhere and six percent reported they had carried a weapon in school. Though the data show that this is a decline from the previous year, it is still shocking and calls for collective responsibility to all stake holders. The data collected in this report also identified other indicators of unsafe school like drugs availability in school and violent incidents at school. The data found in the Indicator reports for the five consecutive years has been used or integrated in the safety programs for the purpose of enhancing school safety. The data equally highlights reported of other actions which are frequently neglected but have a direct impact to the eventual safety of the school like use of hate-related words. Safety school data collected reported incidents what could be classified or determined if a school is safe or not. The data ranges from possession of weapon, sex offences, use of alcohol and drugs, vandalism, burglary among others. The safety of schools in this case is determined by the rates of transfers, suspensions and expulsions. The data shows that there are no incidents of unsafe schools in this state. All the stakeholders, the teachers, school administration, the community and the state can attribute this to the measures that have been taken. The data used reflected the percentages of students who smoked cigarettes and marijuana in a period of six months. This was considered alongside the strategies for prevention and creating a safe school. The effects of mental health from the use of drugs are equally indispensable. Another source of data was the community. The communities that care survey of student levels of risk and protective factors were also considered. The data used was from survey carried out about students from grade 6-12. The data from the Kansas department of Education was used. The set data includes information regarding the numbers of felonies, expulsions, suspensions, misdemeanors and violent acts on school grounds for various schools. This data was from the year 2000 to 2004. School years were included in this database in order to establish a baseline by which to compare data from the school years in which the safe school initiative will be implemented. Conclusion The issue of safe schools is an issue that should be taken with a lot of seriousness bearing in mind the number of criminal related incidents that occur in the school. It is the obligation of all the stakeholders to ensure that they work towards the betterment of school environment in terms of surveillance- it should be a collective responsibility. Educators should consider physical safety as well as intellectual and emotional safety. To promote truly safe schools, educators must understand the culture of all their students and the communities they serve, and help all the students understand and respect the culture and the climate of the schools they attend. On the other hand, the state and the educational authorities have to come up with policies that the school safety is enhanced. Thorough scrutinisation of these policies will at least ensure that the school and the community do not neglect their roles in enhancing safety in schools. References Aspy, C. (2004) Adolescent violence: The protective effects of youth assets. Journal of counseling and development, 286-277 Hernandez, T (2004) A safe school climate: A systematic approach and the school counselor. Professional school counseling 7 (4): 256-62. Stevick, E. (2003). From noncompliance to Columbine: Capturing student perspectives to Understand Non- compliance and Violence in Public Schools. Urban Review 35 (4) 323-49 Vail K. (2004) Troubling rise in school violence. American School Board Journal 191(1): 9-10 Wilson, R. (1991) Violence Prevention for Young Adolescents: A Survey of the State of Art. New York: Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development. Witt, P. (1996) Public Recreation in High Risk Environments: Programs that Work. Arlington, AV: National Recreation Park.

The Picture Of A Photograph - 923 Words

A photograph is often known as a window to the past. Through photographs, global progression in areas such as technology, culture and politics can be analyzed. The impacts of photos can be tremendous and define future issues, events and politics. One photo that has significantly defined the twentieth century is the Bloody Saturday photo (see Appendix A). The photo was captured by a Chinese-American photojournalist named H.S. Wong (also referred to as Newsreel Wong) on August 28th 1937, moments after the Shanghai Bombing in the midst of the Battle of Shanghai. The bomb was dropped by Japanese pilots as a result of growing tensions between China and Japan. The animosity was so high that only a few years later the two nations entered World War Two in the Pacific. Amidst the fall of rubble and chaos, Wong was able to capture an iconic image of a young, burned child all alone crying in the debris moments after the bombs were dropped. Reactions of public outrage became apparent as well a s a dramatic increase in animosity towards the Japanese after the photo s release. Ultimately, the release of H.S Wong s Bloody Saturday photo, dramatically defined twentieth century politics through its display of Japanese aggression, the alleged scandal behind the photo and its endured global impact. Firstly, the use of a baby as the subject matter created an effective and defined propaganda image. Children and babies often represent vulnerability and innocence and typically it is viewedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Various Photographs1072 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper provides an analysis of various photographs based on their categories, effectiveness, and historical movements. The three concepts of analysis are important when examining photographs, as they provide a strong basis for evaluation. 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If both had survived, maybe the reaction would have beenRead MoreThe Girl Behind The Glass Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed at LACMA has been significantly influencing and very touching, the different photograph has very different themes and symbolism. It so amazing how full people’s minds can be in inventing and interpreting such pieces of artwork. Pictures I have viewed have been impacting and touching at some point; I could relate to some of the ideas when it comes to the meaning of a photograph. It’s truly unbelievable how a photograph can be viewed very differently by different ind ividuals, and the relationshipRead MoreBrief Biography of Berenice Abbott1829 Words   |  7 Pagesfor black and white photography of New York, Berenice Abbott believed a photograph are special and unique. It cannot be copied or mimic others. A photograph will represent the historical picture of the past. The historical past or memories of the photograph usually have a very meaningful and emotional story behind it. A photograph has its own significant meaning, which communicates through the details of the photo. The photograph on the left that I have found is Migrant Mother, taken by Dorothea LangeRead MoreDocumentary Photography in America1756 Words   |  7 Pagesdocumentary photography. In America, documentary photographers captured images ranging from poverty, unemployment, and hungry families. In The History of Photography, art historian and author Beaumont Newhall claims that, â€Å"The importance of these photographs lies in their power not only to inform us, to move us. They are at once interpretations and records; although they are no longer topical, they contain qualities which will last long as man is concerned with his brother.†1 Documentary photography